Are you an energy saver at home? The personality insights of household energy conservation behaviors based on theory of planned behavior

Personality traits play an important role in pro-environmental behavioral heterogeneity. This study aims to explore the effects of Big Five personality on energy-saving behavior residents based extended theory planned (TPB). We employ k-means algorithm cluster 1119 respondents Xi'an, China by their characteristics into four groups: (1) positives, (2) temperates, (3) conservatives, and (4) introverts. The research observes significant heterogeneity among resident groups. examine pattern each group, analysis indicates that TPB attributes bridge household behaviors. factors explain best performance intention behaviors positives. Besides, results present different psychological positive temperate groups’ is more sensitive subjective norms, while perceived control plays a critical other could broaden scope advance knowledge untangling intertwined relationship between behavior. findings can contribute occupant typology development, which capture diverse energy effect activity building simulation as well differential intervention setting residential buildings achieve sustainable development goals.